Brief history of steel corrugated pipe application

     1886年，钢材工人詹姆斯受到包裹药瓶的波纹纸板的启发而发明金属波纹管。

     In the year of 1886, Steel worker James was inspired by the corrugated cardboard which wrapped the medicine bottle to invent the metal corrugated pipe.

      1923年以后，金属波纹管结构才逐渐被人熟知并应用于不同的项目中。时至今日，像英、美、韩、日、澳等国都制定了设计、施工、制造等方面的标准规范，证明此种结构在世界使用的通用性。

After the year of 1923，the metal corrugated pipe structure is gradually known and applied to different projects. Today, countries such as Britain, the United States, South Korea, Japan and Australia have established standard specifications for design, construction，manufacturing and so on, demonstrating the universality of such structure in the world.

       二战时期，波纹管涵应用于中国云南的滇缅公路、上海的浦东机场等地。

During the Second World War, corrugated pipes were applied to the Burma road in Yunnan and the Pudong airport in Shanghai.

        1998年秋，世界上同类中最大跨度的波纹管拱桥(23.3m）在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省北部的公路建成。

        1998年以后，国内自主开始生产加工金属波纹管。国内经过10余年的研发、应用，总结了大量的应用资料。目前此种结构圆形截面结构成功应用到了12米，拱形结构成功应用到了22米，异型截面成功应用到了10米，个别管径波纹管的顶部覆土深度成功应用到了60米，此种结构在国内公路应用上也多次获奖，在国内已有了交通部的行业标准。但市政、铁路、水运等行业基本未涉及，需在以上行业的应用中不断的总结研究，制定不同行业的设计、施工、制造标准及规范。目前波纹管应用于公路建设中的排水涵洞、立交通道、旧结构加固等方面，使用效果良好。

In the autumn of 1998，the corrugated pipe arch bridge (23.3m) with largest span in the world was built on a highway of north of British Columbia, Canada. After 1998, China began to manufacture and process metal corrugated pipes. After more than 10 years of research, development and application in China, a large number of application materials have been summarized. At present，this kind of circular cross section structure has been applied by 12 meters successfully, arched structure applied by 22 meters successfully, abnormal section applied by 10 meters successfully. The top covering depth of individual pipe diameter has achieved to 60 meters. This kind of structure applied in the domestic highway won awards for several times，already has the ministry of communications industry standard in domestic. However, the municipal, railway, water transportation and other industries have not been involved, and they need to be constantly summarized and studied in the application of the above industries, so as to formulate design, construction, manufacturing standards and specifications of different industries. At present, the corrugated pipe is used in highway construction, such as drainage culvert, interchange channel and old structural reinforcement，which with good use performance.

       目前为止，中国各地累计使用钢波纹管涵80万延米。这种结构也在逐渐被人认知，但在应用方面和世界各国还存在一定的差距，还需要我们工程建设者们不断的研究、总结编制一些适合中国国情的技术指南，规范等，可能会需要我们一代人乃至几代人的辛勤不懈努力探索。

Until now, China has used the steel corrugated pipes up to 800,000 linear meters. This structure has also been gradually be cognitive, but in the aspect of application, there is still a big gap among the countries around the world, also need our project builders continuously study, sums up some technical guidelines suited to China's national conditions, specifications, etc., it may need our generation and next several generations to explore hard and effort unremittingly.